Lin-Manuel Miranda seemingly came out of nowhere.
Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories. The success of "Hamilton" has led to a promising career writing music for movies like "Moana" and "Star Wars: The Force Awakens," and his upcoming directorial debut, "Tick, Tick. Miranda's unconventional blend of musical theater and hip-hop, as well as a passion for diverse representation in the entertainment industry, has transformed musical theater. Lin-Manuel Miranda rose to fame for his Broadway musical, "Hamilton" - he worked on the show for years, and it became one of the biggest musicals of all time. In the case of Hamilton, Congress refusing to pass his financial plan would be the end of his career, just as Birnam Woods coming to Dunsinane foretells Macbeth's downfall. The verse then ends with one final allusion comparing Congress to " Birnam Woods on its way to Dunsinane." This is referring the end of Shakespeare's play where MacDuff's troops bring Birnam Woods with them when they attack Macbeth's castle, Dunsinane, using the forest's branches as cover and bringing the Witches' perplexing prophecy to fruition. This mirrors how Madison was once an ally of Alexander's when they worked together on the Federalist Papers, yet Jefferson was always an antagonist. In Macbeth, Banquo begins as an ally of Macbeth's before turning on him, while MacDuff always opposes Macbeth. James Madison (Okieriete Onaodowan) is compared to Banquo and Thomas Jefferson (Daveed Diggs) to MacDuff, making plain what Alexander thinks of these men. The poorly chosen Macbeth namedrop isn't the end of the reference, either, because Alexander continues using the play and its characters as an allegory for his own struggles. However, the song immediately follows that line with another directly mentioning Macbeth: " They think me Macbeth and ambition my folly." And in doing that, Hamilton potentially invokes the curse, risking disaster on whatever theater or troupe dare to perform the musical. In Hamilton, the phrase is used to set up Alexander comparing his own troubles to those of Macbeth's, with him following the direct quotation by saying: " I trust you’ll understand the reference to/Another Scottish tragedy without my having to name the play." This is where the musical is careful, using the term "Scottish tragedy" over its true title. It begins with one of Macbeth's most famous lines: " Tomorrow and tomorrow and tomorrow/Creeps in this petty pace from day to day." This comes from a soliloquy by Macbeth in Act 5, Scene 5 of the play that finds him in despair after learning of his wife's death. Near the start of Act Two, Hamilton sees Alexander (Lin-Manuel Miranda), Eliza (Phillipa Soo), and Angelica (Renée Elise Goldsberry) sing "Take A Break," during which Alexander sings a verse that both quotes and refers to the Scottish Play. 
Related: Hamilton's Secret Character: How Death Appears Throughout The Show To avoid invoking the curse, theater professionals will often refer to Macbeth as the "Scottish Play." In theater communities, the curse of Macbeth brings bad luck to any theater or production where someone says the play or character's name inside the theater, except within the context of a performance.
Its most overt reference, however, is the way Hamilton refers to Macbeth, even provoking the play's infamous curse. These references in Hamilton range from jokes about stage directions - " Enter me! (He says in parentheses)" - to direct quotes from previous plays and musicals.
Still, even with its availability as a film, Hamilton remains a stage musical first and foremost, and as such, the show includes several theater references.
HAMILTON TAKE A BREAK MOVIE
Dubbed the "Hamilfilm" by fans, the Hamilton movie makes the musical available to more people than ever before and gives viewers a unique way to experience the show. The hit Broadway musical is now streaming on Disney+ with a film made from recordings of original cast performances.
Hamilton tempts an old theater superstition when it makes reference to William Shakespeare's Macbeth during one of its songs.
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